Carburetor



G. HAMMOND Dec. 13, 1932.

CARBURETOR Filed March 29. 1929 W145??? fg x Patented Dec. 13, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE" GRANT HAMMOND, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, 'ASSIGNOR 01 ONE-EIGHTH '10 HENRY P. SAGE ANED ONE-EIGHTH TO WILLIAM A. MCLEAN, BOTH 0! NEW HAVEN,

commcrrcur CARIBUBETOB Application filed March 29, 1929. Serial No. 851,019.

My invention relates to the class of devices that are employed for mixing fluids to. render them combustible, or for other purposes, and an object of my invention, among others, is the roduction of a device of this type that shall e capable of obtaining its supply of fluids without the aid oiagencies other than those required in the normal operation of the apparatus to which the carburetor is attached.

One form of a carburetor embodying my invention, and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a view in lengthwise central section thru my improved carburetor.

Figure 2 is a view in cross section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 22 of Figure 1. a Figure 3 is a view in cross section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 33 of F igure 1.

While my improved carburetor is not limited in its use to any special type of apparatus, yetas it is particularly adapted for mixing fluids to increase their combustible properties for use in internal combustion engines, the description herein will be applied more particularly to such use of the carburetor.

In the construction and operation of internal combustion engines it has been common practice either to locate the'receptacle for the combustible fluid for gravity flow to the carburetor, or, when the receptacle is located below the carburetor, to force the fluid upwardly as by means of vacuum tanks, pumps, or other devices. My improved carburetor is so constructed and arranged that it will by its operation alone obtain the necessary fluid from sources located below its level.

Such carburetor is shown in the accompanying drawing wherein the shell is composed of two sections 34 of tubular form and preferably round in crossv section, this shell being substantially of uniform diameter as to outside and inside measurements and the two sections being secured together in any suitable manner, as herein shown, the reduced end of one section being threaded into the counterbored end of the other section. Any suitable means, as set screws 5. may be employed for locking the sections against relative rotation. The section 3 is provided with a flange 6 as a means for securing the device to the engine intake manifold in the usual and well known manner.

A Venturi-tube 7, formed as shown in Figure 1, is fitted to the interior of the section 3 of the shell, this fit being such as to-permit movement of'said tube under the appl'cation of some force.

A needle casing 8 is located within the shell section 3 and has a projection 9 within which the inner threaded end of a nipple 10 is secured. The end of the projection 9 extends into a hole in the tube7 and abuts against the inner surface of the shell section 3. Y The projection is of such length as to position the needle casing in the axial center of the opening through the carburetor shell, the nipple having an enlarged end providing a shoulder 11 that seats against the bottom of a recess 12 in the outer surface oftlie section 3 whereby, when the nipple is screwed against its seat, the casing 8 is firmly secured in place in the position shown in Figure 1. The outer end of the nipple is formed to receive a coupling fora pipe extendingtrom a source of fuel supply.

The needle casing 8 is tapered or pointed at its upper end and is provided with a chamber 13 formed by boring inwardly from that end opposite the point. A threaded plug 14 ts the threaded mouth of the chamber 13 and this plug has a tapered hole 15 to receive a needle 16 that is tapered to correspond with and fit said tapered hole. The taper of the hole and needle is very slight. The needle at its inner portion has a sliding fit in the bore of the casing 8, this portion being larger than that portion fitting within the hole in theplug, and grooves 17 are formed extending lengthwise along the outer surface of said enlarged portion to permit free flow of fuel from an inlet passage 18 past the enlarged part of the needle. w

A spring 19 seated at one end against the inner end of the chamber 13 and at its opposite end against the inner end of the needle 16 forces the tapered portion of the latter an annular space 22 between the inner surface of the cup and the outer surface of said casing. The outer end of the cup 21' is preferabl of semi-spherical shape.

A t rottle valve 23 is mounted in the section 4 of the main shell, this valve having a shaft "24: rotatably mounted in op osite sides of the section 4. In the structure erein shown, the valve is secured in any suitable manner in a slot out through the shaft. A throttle lever 25 is. secured to a projecting end of the shaft.

A needle actuator 26 is pivotally mounted on the valve 23 so that its edge is in contact with the curved end of the vacuum cup 21. In the arrangement shown here in this actuator is in the form of a plate pivotally mounted in a slot in a rib 27 extending radially on the valve 23, the sides of the slotin the rib. forming a guide for the pivotal movement of the actuator.

A priming pin sleeve 28 is screw threaded to fit a tapped hole through the shaft 24 and a priming pin 29 is mounted for sliding movement in said sleeve, the inner end of the pm being headed for .engagement with the needle as by means of a knob or similar device on the dash of the vehicle in the usual manner. This operation will move the arm of the lever 30 that is in contact with-the pin 29 inwardly. This operation moves the pin.29 inward swinging the actuator 26 on its pivot. The curved cam-she d edge of the actuator being in contact wit the vacuum cup 21, the latter is raised, lifting the tapered needle '16 from its seat, thus openin a assage from the vacuum chamber 20 into t e uel supply pipe. The vacuum caused by the pistons 1n th1s rotation .of the crank shaft will draw fuel from the chamber20 through the passage in the carburetor and into the chambers in the cylinders, and at the same time fuel will be drawn by the sameforce from the fuel supply into the chamber 20. It will be noted that the vacuum cup 21 is raised when the needle 16 is moved from its seat and that the cup is lowered when the said needle is moved toward its seat. This movement of the cup with reference-to the plug 14 varies the capacity of the vacuum chamber 20 inversely with the variations made in the flow opening through the plug 14 by movement ofthe needle relative to its seat.

Itwill have been noted that the operation just described has been effected without opening the throttle 23 and consequently a hlgh vacuum has been set up in the interior of the carburetor that instantly induces a flow of fuel throu h the pipe line from the supply tank into t e inlet passage 18, to the -interior'of. the needle casing 8 along the grooves in the needle and into the vacuum actuator 26 and also to'prevent it from drop nchainbevfio. From said chamber the fuel ping out of the hole 111 the sleeve. These arts are so arranged that said pin will be 11111118 with theneedle 16 when'the valve 23 is closed. The end of the sleeve maybe flanged and this flange may be knurled to permit easy rotation thereof as by the thumb and finger. A priming lever 30 in the form of a bell crank is pivotally mounted in. a slot in the outer edge of the section 4 of the casing, one

arm of the lever underlying the end of the pin 29, as shown in Figure 1 ofthe drawing, and the other arm of the lever being provided with'means for attachment of a connection from a priming device that may be located in any suitable position, as on the dash board of a vehicle.

The parts having been assembled, as herein set forth, and the carburetor installed, with one end bolted to the engine intake manifold, the throttle lever connected to an acceleration device and a fuel feed pipe being connected to the 'nipple and. extending to a fuel feed tank the general operation of the carburetor is as follows: v.

The throttle being closed, or in its idling position, the engine shaft is rotated in any suitable manner, as by means of a self-starter. At the same time the lever 30is operated flows through the channels in the head of the speeds may be maintained with great econ-v omy in the use of fuel and smoothness of operation of the engine.

With the throttle open, the inrush of air through the Venturi-tube and past the mouth of the vacuum cup 21 is such that an ample supply of fuel is maintained and this is most efiiclently vaporized.

After the parts havebeen installed, as hereinbefore described, with .the proper relationship between the curves of the actuator 26 and the needle 16 established, proper adjustment may be obtained by turning the regulating or priming pin sleeve 28, as by means of its knurled head, in or out, as may be required.

. 65 into said vacuum chamber, a valve Adjustment of the g had in the usual manner-as by means of an mg said valve.

- adjusting screw 31, in t e end of the lever seated against a pin 32 projecting from the able vacuum member with a vacuum'chamber side of the carburetor casing. I, therein located in said casing in the path of a I claim: 1 current of air through said casin a conduit 1. Anup flow carburetor including acasing providing a. passage from said 0 amber to a having vertically aligned air inlet and mixsourceo .fue supply, said'conduit extending ture outlet open ngs, a vacuum member with into said. vacuum member and formed to a vacuum chamber therein located in said casprovidea ,space between its. outer wall and ing in the path. of a current of air flowing the inner wall ofsaid vacuum'member, the

through said casing, means providing a puss; capacity of said space being varied by the el plovement of said chamber,'a valve to regusage from said chamber-to a source of supply, means for causing the fuel to change ate flow of fuel from said passage into said its direction of flow said chamber'below chamber, and means for movin' said mem-.

' the. first mentioned means, a valve to regulate ber by force applied mechanica y thereto to flow of fuel to said chambeigand means for open it. applying force mechanically to said valve toopen it. 'able vacuum cu havmg a vacuum chamber '2; A carburetor including a casing, a vacutherein located 1n said casing in the path of -um member including a movable vacuum acurrent of air throu b said casing, a conduit chamber therein located in said casing inthe providin a passage rom said chamber to a path of a current of air flowing through said source '0 fuel supply, sa1d conduit project,- casin means providin a passage from said mg mto the mouth of said cu with, aspace 95 cham er to a source 0 fuel supply. and inbetween the outer surface of t e condu t and eluding a tapered valve seat, a tapered valve the mnersurface of the cup, the capacity of attached to said chamber and fittin said seat said space belng varied by the movement of to regulate'the flow of fuel to sai chamber, sa1d member, a plug closing. the ex1t of sa1d and means for operating said valve. V

3i Acarburetor including acasing,avacusa1d lug fitting the mner surface of said um member including a movable vacuum cham er, sa1d plug having an opening therechamber therein located in said casing in-the through, a valve path of a current of air through said casing, opemng, and means for operatlng sa1d valve means providing a passage from said chamand movmg sa1d member.

her to a source of fuel supply, a valve at- 8. A carburetor including a casing, amov tached to said chamber to regulateflow of a e vacuum'member w1th a vacuum chamber fuel to the latter, said valve havinglon itudireml cated 1n sa1d casing 1n the path of a nally extendin groove fo fl 0 f l current of air through sa1d casing, means protherealong, an means for operating said vldlng a p s g rom sa1d chamber to a valve d moving id h b source of fuel supply, a valve to regulate flow 4. A carburetor including a casing, a vacu, of fuel o a1 chamber, sa1d valve be1ng seum member with a variable capacity vacuum cured t n vacuum m r p r l n chamber therein located in said casing in the eby, and means for operatmg sa1d vacupath of-a current of air flowing through said 11m membera casing, means providing a passage from said A carburetor Encludmg 635mg, P chamber to a source of fuel supply, a valve to tachflble Valve P 2; extend 1{1g longltudl' regulate flow of fuel to said chamber. and uy 1n the 3x181 f f of Sa1d'c8{'b\1ret01' means for operating said valve by force cas ng, a lateral pro ect1on from sa1d valve plied mechanically thereto to open it and to a means pf lg P WaHPf thfi vary the capacity of the vacuum chamber. casing for i sa1d prqlectlon to said 5 5. An up-flow carburetor including a cash i i p means prolec' ing having vertically aligned air inlet and non an Va Ve casmg a Passage for mixture outlet openings of'equal cross-section, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said casing in the path of a current of air, flowing through said casing,

there being an uncontrolled p g from .retor casing, a valve to regulate flow of fuel vacuum member located at one end of said passage and having a vacuum chamber communicating with said passage and with an throttle lever may be valve seat in said p'lug, and means for -7. A carburetor including a casing, a movpassage into said chamber, a grooved head on 6. A carburetor including acasing, 5 m.

ting a valve seat m said a flow of fuel from a source of fuel supply, a

opening from said chamber into the carbusaid vacuum chamber into said casing, means f id passage t id vacuum h b 7 6L providing a passage from said chamber'to a nd means for operating said valve.

source of fuel supply, said opening and pas- 10. A carburetor includinga shell, a detach sage causing the fuelto flow in opposite diable valve casing with 'a valve chamber thererections into and out of said chamber, a plug in and a tapered outlet opening therefrom, a

closing the exit opening from said fpassage lateral projection from said valve casingi tti 'ng a means passing through the wall of the she for securing said projection to said shell to position the valve casing in the shell, said se curing means and projection having an inlet passage to said valve chamber, a valve located in said valve chamber, said valve being tapered to fit the tapered outlet from said valve casing, a spring within said valve chamber to force the valve to its seat, and means for operating said valve.

11. A carburetor including a shell, a Ventori-tube located in said shell, a valve casing extending lengthwise along the axial center of said tube, a lateral pro ection from said casing, means for securing said projection to said shell, said securing means and PIOJGCtlOH having an inlet passage to a valve chamber in said casing, a vacuum member having a vacuum chamber to receive fuel from said passage, said vacuum chamber having an opening into said Venturi-tube surrounding the aforesaid inlet passage, a valve to regulate flow of fuel to said vacuum chamber, and means for actuating said valve.

12. A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air therethrough, a conduit providing a passage from said chamber to a source of fuel supply, said passage having a tapered outlet into said vacuum chamber, a valve tapered to fit said outlet, and a valve actuator having a curved actuating surface to mechanically ap- Ely force to said valve to open it, said surface eing co-ordinated with the taper .of said valve to effect an economic supply of fuel into said shell.

13. A carburetor including a shell, a movable vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough, and with a passage into said chamber from said shell, a conduit upon which said movable member is mounted providing a passage from said chamber to a source of fuel supply, a valve connected to said member and regulating the flow of fuel to said chamber, a choke valve for the bore through said shell, a valve actuator mounted on said choke valve, and means for operating said actuator.

14. A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough, a conduit providing a passage from said chamber to a source of fuel supply, there being an uncontrolled opening from said chamber into said shell which surrounds said conduit, a valve to regulate flow of fuel to said chamber, a choke valve for the passage through said shell, a valve actuator pivotally mounted on said choke valve, and means for operating said choke valve and the actuator thereon.

15. A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough, there being an opening from said vacuum chamber into said shell, a conduit providing a passage fromv said chamber to a source of fuel supply, a valve to regulate flow of fuel to said chamber, a valve actuator for said valve, primary means for operating said actuator, and secondary means for operating said actuator independently of the operation of said primary means.

16. A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein ating said actuator independently of saidsupport.

17 A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough, there being an opening from said chamber into said shell, a conduit providing a passage from said chamber to a source of fuel supply, a valve for said conduit, a throttle valve, an actuator for the conduit valve mounted on said throttle valve, means for operating said actuator independently of the throttle valve and means for moving the throttle valve to operate said actuator.

18. A carburetor including a shell, a vacuum member with a vacuum chamber therein located in said shell in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough, there being an opening-from said chamber into said shell, a conduit providing a passage from said chamber to a source of fuel supply, a valve for said conduit, a throttle valve to control flow of fluid through said shell, an actuator for the conduit valve movably mounted on said throttle valve, a priming pin mounted in said throttle valve to engage said actuator, means for operating said throttle pin, and means for operating said throttle valve.

19. A carburetor shell, a throttle valve located at the air intake end of said shell, a valve casing with gasolene intake opening, a valve normally forced towards its seat in said casing, and a cam located between the throttle valve and the valve in said casing and operatively connected with the throttle valve for operation thereby, said cam being also operatively connected with the valve in said casing for mechanical operation thereof to admit gasolene in predetermined proportions to the amount of air admitted to the case by the opening of the throttle valve.

GRANT HAMTMOND. 

